The Experimental Side Of Documentary Practice - 1350 Words

Introduction This project aims to further develop the experimental side of documentary practice, with special focus on ethnography. It will take the form of an experimental documentary juxtaposing enactments of the past with depictions of the present, through a case study focusing on North-Eastern Romanian villages, engaging villagers into re-enactments of traditional life from the past as method of documenting their self reflection on the transition to the present. The setting of the re-enactments is based on the Romanian ballad The Little Ewe and more specifically on the journey described in the Mihail Sadoveanu novel inspired by it, The Hatchet (1930). These two texts are widely known in Romania having become compulsory reading material in schools as one of the four fundamental myths of Romanians and a monographic representation of the Romanian village and its customs respectively. The main themes of the two stories are transhumance and death, both highlighting the traditions and the way of life of shepherding communities. Furthering the reasons for this choice, these texts have become engrained into the collective consciousness of Romanian people as to become an unconscious memory. Its relevance within ethnographic practice is given by the documentation of the transition process from traditional to modernity within the Romanian village, as well as its universal exploration of humans facing change and their ways to adapt to it. I will interrogate documentary practicesShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1278 Words   |  6 Pagesopposing the practice, and those that preach its integral part in the advancement of science. The divide in the topic is between the scientific community and animal activists. The scientists, who are strongly in favour of the animal testing believe that human life is superior to animal life, and if lives are saved animal testing is justified; whereas, the philotherian’s see it as being a cruel and an inhumane practice. The use of animals as test variables in biomedical research is a practice that isRead MoreHow I Use Moving Image And Graphic Art1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ‘Participant-Observation’ method to eventually finish by explaining the relationship between my writing and practice. A Pattern of Logic Inquiries The research, both written and visual, is a creative response to the current Syrian conflict. However, it is important to mention here, that my art project does not focus on the political aspect of the conflict and it is not taking a side in supporting or attacking either parties. Instead, my project is concerned with the human aspect of the crisisRead MoreAn Analysis on Community: A US TV Deries2401 Words   |  10 Pagesnarrative, realism, ideology, postmodernism, identity, history, aesthetics, etc.) B.Define one of the critical contexts introduced on the block, and not previously discussed in the first section, and illustrate how it can inform the understanding and practice of the chosen media product. The purpose of my essay is to examine the how â€Å"Community† manipulates genre, and whether or not this show can be defined as a Sitcom. My aim is to take a look at the television series through its construction and theRead MoreShould Photojournalism or Documentary Photography Be Considred Art?2290 Words   |  10 Pages The question of whether photojournalism or documentary photography can be art is now the question at hand. Art collectors are constantly looking to be surprised; today they are excited by images first seen in last week’s newspapers as photojournalism revels in the new status as art â€Å"du jour† or â€Å"reportage art†. First, let us define Photojournalism and Fine Art Photography. According to the Oxford dictionary, photojournalism is the art or practice of communicating news by photographs, especiallyRead MorePhotography As An Art Form Essay2231 Words   |  9 Pagesconcept of modernity is prevalent when exploring new mediums in innovative ways. Suzy Lake is an American-Canadian artist most focused around photography, performance, and videography (Hanna, 1). Lake explores various topics through means of experimental presentation in her diverse works. Her themes of modernity in art are prevalent in many of her exhibits. Her Are you talking to me? exhibit displayed ‘larger-than-life’ photographs of Lake caught in mid-sentences (Hanna, 8). The photographs variedRead MoreUnique Characteristics of Soviet Montage5818 Words   |  24 Pagespieces, they provided emerging filmmakers with experience of a new, and different form of film-making. Films shot at the front had a documentary quality which distinguished them from more studio-bound, pre-revolutionary forms of film-making; whilst the imperative to complete films quickly led to the development of innovative editing, acting and other stylistic practices. The  agitka  film-makers also became actively involved in the fighting process, often filming in the midst o f battle, and this degreeRead MoreUnique Characteristics of Soviet Montage5818 Words   |  24 Pagespieces, they provided emerging filmmakers with experience of a new, and different form of film-making. Films shot at the front had a documentary quality which distinguished them from more studio-bound, pre-revolutionary forms of film-making; whilst the imperative to complete films quickly led to the development of innovative editing, acting and other stylistic practices. The  agitka  film-makers also became actively involved in the fighting process, often filming in the midst of battle, and this degreeRead MoreNarrative Text10129 Words   |  41 Pagesseems only logical to implement more writing exercises and practices, which can be quite therapeutic when dealing with such stress. It would not only benefit high school graduates to be more enlightened for college, but they would be better prepared for their careers as well. Writing has played a major part in influencing our hist ory and will continue to affect our future. Without the application of more writing instruction and practice in our schools, future generations are to be severely hinderedRead More The American Film Industry Essay3364 Words   |  14 Pagesthe Black Maria, was built on the grounds of Edisons laboratories at West Orange, New Jersey and the first successful motion picture was made - a re-creation of a sneeze. Most of the earliest moving images were non-fictional, unedited, crude documentary views of simple, ordinary slices of life - street scenes, the activities of police or firemen, or shots of a passing train. Then, in 1894, along came another marvelous Edison Company invention in the mid 1890s - the Kinetoscope. It wasRead MoreThe Bhopal Disaster of 19846444 Words   |  26 Pagesthe tremendous increases in cereal grain production in certain underdeveloped areas especially India, Pakistan, and the Philippines in the late 1960s through the cultivation of hybrid strains and economic changes brought by new agricultural rural practices in those countries. For a number of years now, India has been a food surplus country. The change from traditional farming to capitalist farming under the Green Revolution required pesticides among other things. Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh (MP)

Core Ideas And Themes In Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre

Introduction of core ideas and themes in chapters 2 and 3 of Jane Eyre Of the various themes attributed to and found in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, many are introduced within the first chapters, providing a base to be mirrored, re-used and developed later on. As a recurring element of the Gothic genre, the supernatural and its association with the human mind are a crucial part of the novel’s atmosphere, and act as a constant ominous presence in Jane’s life, starting with her early reading materials and, more significantly, with the red room scene. Jane Eyre is also qualified as a bildungsroman, following an individual and their evolution from childhood to adulthood, and the first part of the book provide, through its description of†¦show more content†¦Jane’s claustrophobic fear of the red room is increased by the fact that she cannot leave it. When she realizes that the door is locked, the room seems to take a whole different dimension, changing shape as her fear grows. When she returns to her place and looks in t he mirror, she remarks: All looked colder and darker in that visionary hollow than in reality: and the strange little figure there gazing at me, with a white face and arms specking the gloom, and glittering eyes of fear moving where all else was still, had the effect of a real spirit: I thought it like one of the tiny phantoms, half fairy, half imp, Bessie’s evening stories represented as coming out of lone, ferny dells in moors, and appearing before the eyes of belated travellers. The realization of her confinement seems to be the trigger of Jane’s fear of the supernatural. Despite the already heavy atmosphere of the room, she had only mentioned concrete, physical and factual things up to this point. This suggests that her mental distress may be the cause of her sudden dread of ghosts and other creatures. Her thoughts spiral out of reason until she convinces herself that Mrs. Reed’s bad treatment of her is going to anger Mr. Reed’s spirit, causing him to come back to haunt them all. It seems even Jane is somewhat aware that her emotions are causing these thoughts, and might make the situation worse,Show MoreRelatedTextual Reading/ Literary Analysis on Dracula1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is a hero that is struggling against an inescapable fate. Bram Stoker uses gothic elements such as isolated settings, gloom and doom, and secret passages in Dracula in which portray it to be an excellent gothic genre in relations to Jane Eyre, a novel b y Charlotte Bronte. Stoker uses isolated settings to perpetuate fear of the unknown. Just like telling myths, stories, and grim tales, inside of each kind, there are always those spooky, mysterious, and petrifying â€Å"things† that makes everyone goRead MoreStructuralism and Interpretation Ernest Hemingways Cat in Ther Ain9284 Words   |  38 Pagesg., - this enterprise has been Northrop Frye (1957) and Frank Kermode (1966) almost exclusively dominated by European scholars - Propp, Bremond, Greimas, Levi-Strauss, Todorov and Barthes, among others. Crucial to this tradition of enquiry are the ideas of function and transformation. In the theory of Greimas for instance, all narrative consists essentially of the transfer of an object or value from one actant to another. An actant performs a certain function in the story which may be classified as

Tk Max Facts Free Essays

TK Maxx TK Maxx is a relatively new arrival in the UK. Their parent company TJ Maxx have been operating in the United States since 1976 and the first UK store was opened in 1994. The company was renamed TK Maxx in the UK in order to avoid confusion with TJ Hughes. We will write a custom essay sample on Tk Max Facts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its business model is that of an â€Å"off-price† department store, which means that it will buy excess stock from major department stores and other sources and sell it at discounted prices. Naturally TK Maxx can also benefit from the global buying power of their US parent company. The value clothing market has grown strongly in recent years and companies like TK Maxx, Primark and Matalan have all seen substantial growth in recent years. Some commentators feel that as discounters, they are equally well placed to take advantage of any reduction in consumer spending which may result from measures taken by the incoming government to reduce the budget deficit. They stock a wide range of designer brands at discount prices and their products appeal mainly to buyers in the 18-35 age group. Even so, some feel that the company has moved a little way upmarket to try and challenge some more traditional retailers such as NEXT, and many stores have been refurbished while some much larger ones have opened in a department store format. In addition, six Littlewoods stores were acquired in 2004. The rise of TK Maxx in the UK has not however been without problems. Hackers stole information of approximately 45 million payment cards from used by customers in the UK, United States, Puerto Rico and Ireland. The hacking started in 2005 and data on transactions conducted between 2002 and 2005 was accessed. The effect of this theft on UK customer has at least been mitigated by the introduction of chip and pin technology. In addition TK Maxx was blocked from moving into a store vacated by Zavvi in the Regent Street area of London. The reason was apparently that the owners of the property felt that the area was inappropriate for the TK Maxx brand. However, generally speaking TK Maxx has been a success story in the UK and a further sales channel was introduced in 2009 with the introduction of online shopping. Selected financial Information 31/01/1031/01/200931/01/200831/01/200731/01/2006 Turnover 1,194,3121,122,1971,028,248945,311788,447 Profit before tax78,29348,87836,40535,72223,786 ROCE25. 5819. 8817. 3619. 8412. 77 Employees 13,37913,27713,23512,71911,127 How to cite Tk Max Facts, Papers

The Shark Net free essay sample

It might as well be Africa, the suburban areas of Dalkeith and Nedlands are both regions of Perth that are established along the Swan River. The quiet suburban area appeared calm to anybody who lived or visited there, the community is close and any changes throughout the neighborhood big or small would become rumors and spread as quick as a plague. But under that peaceful image lies the dark and horrible truth, the life of Eric Edgar Cooke. Western Australia’s worst serial killer Cooke lived in the peaceful suburban areas of Perth, many say he killed to seek revenge, others just claimed that he killed for the excitement. Cooke had been a resident of Nedlands but from day one he was an outsider, Cooke tried to fit in but after constant rejection it turned him to believe that the whole world was against him. Eric Cooke the husband of Sally Cooke and the father of his two children, one autistic and the other missing from her elbow down, had considerable reason to believe the world was against him; the insults and the embarrassment of his nickname â€Å"Birdmouth†. Horrible memories are brought up when mentioned to Sally Cooke about the life of her past husband, she recalls him going out on a Saturday night not letting her know we he was going. He would leave and return in the early hours of the morning sometimes even wet, at the start I was worried, I felt betrayed that he had been out with other women. † â€Å"But as time went on, it became a normal occurrence and I became more immune to the feelings. † Sally couldn’t believe that a person she had known, a person she had met in the Methodist church, a person she married and vowed to spend the rest of her life with was a murderer. The feeling she described was incomprehensible. Sally described Eric’s life; she said that he had always spoken about how his dad beat him as a child; how he was bullied during his schooling years for his hair lip and a cleft palate and when our children were born Eric thought the whole world was failing for him. â€Å"I should have known† Sally said in despair. Dr. Stephen Carter has suggested that Cooke’s case was not alone; there have been many other cases throughout the world showing similar patterns or events. Dr Carter stated that the past of a person, creates a person in the present and their future is determined on the choices made based off their past. Cooke’s life was determined from his childhood, his present personality of a murderer was determined from his upbringing and his future may have been different if he had been given a more stable and better upbringing. † Dr Carter said that during his working time in America he had seen many other cases similar to Cooke’s, â€Å"The way a person is brought up has the biggest impact on their life. † Although Cooke had killed many people, none of his victims he had any direct anger towards. Cooke’s anger was against society in general; not against any particular person. â€Å"Our memories are foundations for who we are. † Dr Carter stated. If for example a child is ‘over-loved’, the child may become either rebellious or obnoxious and have no work ethic, or in Cooke’s case; be beaten, not supported and grow up not knowing how to live life. † Eric Cooke committed some of the most violent murders in Australia’s history. A beautiful 20 year old, innocent women, murdered gruesomely by Cooke, she had her face, breasts, thighs, stomach and pelvis hacked apart. Jillian Brewer was murdered helplessly with a hatchet on a normal Saturday night, this murder shocked Perth’s calm atmosphere. Houses were locked, trust dissipated and overall people kept to themselves mo re and more. Cooke’s behavior was bizarre and inconsistent; one particular murder took things to a completely new level, he strangled her with the cord from her bedside table lamp, her lifeless body then raped and dragged to her neighbor’s lawn where she was violated and left grasping a bottle of whiskey. However after 22 violent crimes, 8 murders and 14 attempted murders, Cooke’s reputation was as good as gone. John Sturkey one of Cooke’s five Australia Day kills was his final call, after Cooke had shot Sturkey straight through his skull from 2 feet away he hid his gun out sight in a nearby bush, which was the mistake that sentenced him to death. Police found the gun and after ballistic reports found the gun had been used in the recent murders, returned the gun to the bush and waited for the murderer to return. Cooke returned to collect his vicious killing machine and was arrested and very soon after convicted for murder. Cooke admitted to all of the latest murders, even crimes that were unsolved he claimed. He could recall every little detail for almost every burglary he committed including every item he stole and exactly where it was. Within minutes of Cooke’s trail he pleaded guilty to all 22 violent crimes, 8 murders, 14 attempted murders and over 250 burglaries. On the 26th of October, 1964, Eric Edgar Cooke was the last person in Western Australia to be hanged. ‘Our experiences determine our sense of reality’ if only Cooke’s father knew that if he didn’t drink alcohol, and didn’t beat his son, along with his peers during a young age not insulting him over his facial deformity and excepting Cooke for who he could have been, maybe nine people could still have been alive. Eric Cooke informed the jury during his sentence â€Å"I just wanted to hurt people† and still to this day the horrible memories are hidden within the Perth community.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Can Be Considered A Great Novel Bec

"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" can be considered a great novel because of its social criticism, its authenticity, its relation to God and the supernatural, and by the way it was written. Huck Finn can be considered a great novel because of its social criticism which is shown through satire. Satire is used to criticize something that the writer deems socially wrong. Mark Twain uses satire to criticize man's cruelty to man and religious hypocrisy. Twain criticizes man's cruelty to man mainly through the treatment of slavery throughout the novel. Twain's criticism of religious hypocrisy is shown when Huck stays with the Grangerfords in chapter 17. In the chapter, the Grangerfords took their guns along to church, ready to continue the feud on the way to or from the religious sanctuary. Another way Huck Finn can be considered a great novel is because of its authenticity. Many of the events in the story follow closely to events taking place during the time that Mark Twain wrote the novel. A good example of this is slave trade, that was a part of every day life in the Southern states, and, as in the novel, no one thought negatively about it. Another example is that feuding families, such as the Grangerford - Shepherdson feud was not uncommon at the time. Another aspect that adds to the authenticity of the novel is the emphasis placed on superstitions. During the novel, we learn of some of the superstitions of the time. Some include looking at the moon over one's left shoulder, shaking a tablecloth after sundown, and handling snakeskin. This adds to the authenticity because small children and the uneducated would place great meaning on these superstitions. Huck Finn can also be considered a great novel because of it's relation to God and the supernatural. During a large portion of the story, Huck is at odds on moral grounds with the only form of Christianity that he knows, which was taught to him by Miss Watson. He is debating whether or not to tell Miss Watson about Jim or take him to freedom. In addition to Christianity, there is also a "river" God that gives the story its form. The river is neither all good or all evil, but is mainly looked upon throughout the novel as divine. From the beginning of the novel until the end of it, the river controls the voyage of Huck and Jim. Its power is shown because the river would not let them land in Cairo which meant freedom for Jim. Also in the story, the river separates the two at the Grangerford's and then reunites them later in the company of the King and the Duke. Throughout the novel we are constantly reminded of its presence and its power. Furthermore, after each short social life on sho re, Huck returns to the river with relief and thankfulness. Additionally, Huck Finn can be considered a great novel because of the way it was written. "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" is an episodic novel, meaning that there are strings of incidents along the way of Huck's travels. In the book, it is very easy to identify each episode, because throughout the novel he is going down the river, and each place he stops, starts a new incident. Even thought the novel is episodic, there is clear dramatic organization, meaning that from the beginning to the end, the suspense becomes more intense. Another factor making it a great novel is the way that Mark Twain writes. The story is very easy to read because of Twain's ease and freedom in the use of the language. Moreover, he uses simple, direct, and fluent sentences, with the exception of Jim's dialect.

The Art of Public Speaking

The Art of Public Speaking Public speaking is an oral presentation in which a speaker addresses an audience, and until the 20th century, public speakers were usually referred to as orators and their discourses as orations.   A century ago, in his Handbook of Public Speaking, John Dolman observed that public speaking is significantly different from a theatrical performance in that it is  not a conventionalized imitation of life, but life itself, a natural function of life, a real human being in real communication with his fellows; and it is best when it is most real. Unlike its predecessor oration, public speaking involves an interplay of not only body language and recitation, but on conversation, delivery and feedback. Public speaking today is more about the audiences reaction and participation than an orations technical correctness. Six Steps to Successful Public Speaking According to John. N Gardner and A. Jerome Jewlers Your College Experience, there a six steps to creating a successful public speech: Clarify your objective.Analyze your audience.Collect and organize your information.Choose your visual aids.Prepare your notes.Practice your delivery. As language has evolved over time, these principals have become even more apparent and essential in speaking well in a public capacity. Stephen Lucas says in Public Speaking that languages have become more colloquial and speech delivery more conversational as more and more citizens of ordinary means took to the rostrum, audiences no longer regarded the orator as a larger-than-life figure to be regarded with awe and deference. As a result, most modern audiences favor straightforwardness and honesty, authenticity to the oratory tricks of old. Public speakers, then, must strive to convey their objective directly to the audience they will be speaking in front of, collecting information, visual aids, and notes that will best serve the speakers honesty and integrity of delivery. Public Speaking in the Modern Context From business leaders to politicians, many professionals in modern times use public speaking to inform, motivate, or persuade audiences near and far, though in the last few centuries the art of public speaking has moved beyond the stiff orations of old to a more casual conversation that contemporary audiences prefer. Courtland L. Bovà ©e notes in Contemporary Public Speaking that while basic speaking skills have changed little, styles in public speaking have. Whereas the early 19th century carried with it the popularity of the recitation of classic speeches, the 20th century brought a change in focus to elocution. Today, Bovà ©e notes, the emphasis is on extemporaneous speaking, giving a speech that has been planned in advance but is delivered spontaneously. The internet, too, has helped change the face of modern public speaking with advents of going live on Facebook and Twitter and recording speeches for later broadcast to a global audience on Youtube. However, as Peggy Noonan puts it in What I Saw at the Revolution, Speeches are important because they are one of the great constants of our political history; for two hundred years they have been changing - making, forcing - history.

Employment in IT sphere Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employment in IT sphere - Essay Example As the Internet is a constantly evolving entity, consumers will be impacted as well as there would be a perceived drop off in technological innovation for Firefox as they strive to replace a figurehead that had poured so much into the company. The issue would become at which point the line is divided between one’s own professional and public life. In the case of Mozilla, they lost a capable and qualified executive the effectively helped transform the company into what it is today. Were this behavior to continue for similar and like minded companies, such professionals would begin to think twice before speaking out on issues of importance to them, which in the end cannot be good for society as a whole.In most localities of the United States, employment is considered to be ‘at-will’, meaning that an employer is free to terminate the services of any employee at any time and for any reason, except for those specifically prohibited by law. Employers are free to termina te employment, as just stated, without the risk of incurring any legal liability for doing so. Similarly, the employment at-will doctrine means that an employee is free to leave their job at any time, for any reason, should they choose to do so. In addition, the at-will doctrine goes a step further and allows an employer to change the terms of an existing employment relationship at any time, without any overt consequences being levied against the employer.

Bankers Bonuses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bankers Bonuses - Essay Example In this regard the musician stated that he is Q-â€Å"No longer prepared to fund the excessive bonuses of RBS investment bankers. Unless he acts to limit [bonuses] to  £25,000, I shall be withholding my tax payment on 31st January.†Ã‚   What has complicated the issue is that the bank is primarily owned by the British tax-payers and received massive bailout funding from the Government of Great Britain. It was further postulated P- that this represented a not just a localized trend but reflected an international trend insofar as it is the case that nearly $100 billion U.S. or  £62bn is going to be paid out in bonuses this year. Ordinarily this would see to represent a massive problem to the American taxpayer however it is the case that the biggest banks on Wall Street which will be giving out the bonuses are Q- delivering profits of as much as $11bn. Citibank and Bank of America are both likely to deliver profits of at least $6bn, while Morgan Stanley will reveal a much smal ler figure of around $1.2bn. One could present that the argument that in Scotland that if it is the case that the RBS is going to have huge losses, needs huge federal subsidies to stay afloat and is owned by the citizens/taxpayers of Great Britain than the paying out of unreasonably high executive bonuses would seem to be unjustified. However in the American context if these major banking firms are settling their repayment criteria and are generating profits above no harm in paying bonuses to their management assuming that the mid level investment.

Jerusalem Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Jerusalem - Movie Review Example the Jews believe that the Western Wall is the holiest site on Earth and they hold the city of Jerusalem dear to their heart and would do anything to protect the city against invaders. The video also explains the relevance of Jerusalem to the Muslims with historical evidence on the exploits of Muhammad (the central figure in Islam) in the city as he was believed to have ascended to heaven from the Dome of the Rock. Thus, it could be argued that the video provided a balanced view on all three Abrahamic faiths (Jennings). Jennings presented the three principal perspectives of Jerusalem. He critically analyzed the perspectives of the Jews, Christians and Muslims on the significance of Jerusalem. Peter Jennings takes his time out to get the different views about the story of Abraham, who the Muslims and the Jews take as their ancestor. The opinion of the Christians about Abraham was also sought by Jennings as the Christians believe that he was a man of faith. Jennings interviewed a Jewish couple, Muslim family and a Catholic priest to hear what they had to say about the significance of Jerusalem to their individual religions. Jennings learnt the actual Way of the Cross (pictures that represent the passage of Jesus Christ to Calvary) from the Catholic priest; he also learnt of the roots of the Muslims that spanned eight centuries. The Jewish couple helped Jennings to excavate a primordial Jewish home under their home in order to establish some truth about the history of their religion. The video shows that Christians all over the world come to Jerusalem for pilgrimage yearly, while Muslims also visit the Temple Mount to honor God and remember the deeds of the ‘holy prophet’ Muhammad in the city. B. Religion plays a very important role in the Middle East. Countries relate with themselves based on their religious affiliations. Islam is the predominant religion of the people in the Middle East. In these Islamic countries, one must be a Muslim in order to hold a

Research approach and strategy analysis

Research approach and strategy analysis In this chapter researcher has presented the problem of the research and empirical analysis has been done primarily with the in depth interviews and also used secondary literature for back up. This chapter will start with research method followed by the philosophy applied for the research. Research approach and strategy are further discussed, which will be applied during the data analysis. Researcher has further discussed the data collection method, used for the findings and discussion. Finally, concluded with the ethical constraint and limitations of research in the research. This research investigates the causes of employee in the Indian call centre industry. Formulating and clarifying the research topic is the starting point of your research project (Ghauri and Cronhaug, 2002). The Indian call centre industry is facing a huge challenge of employee turnover today which is effecting the growth of call centres in India and also loss of revenue. The HR managers have implemented various strategies to retain employees. But, still the employee turnover is at peak and in this competitive industry, its critical to find out the key reason for turnover and the present strategies in practice by the managers to reduce the turnover. Thus, the purpose of the study is to look at the key factors of turnover and best practice to minimize it, by addressing following questions: Identify the factors leading to employee turnover in the Indian Call centre industry. Find out how Recruitment and Training can contribute to Turnover. Establish the issues faced by Call centre Managers in India due to turnover. Find out the effective retention strategies by HR Managers in India. Establish whether there are any other best practices or innovative ways to reduce the employee turnover. Research Method Researcher has followed the Onion process illustrated by (Saunders et al, 2003) to start the research with the best possible outcome. F:Powerpointpe_ukPE083-SaundersFinal_FilesGifch04C04NF001.gif Source:  © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2006 Researcher has used the onion process as the research method and has followed the pattern judicially through out the chapter. The researcher has started the chapter with the outer part of the onion which is research philosophy. Here researcher has tried to explain the philosophy which he is going to use in the research. Secondly, the research approach is been discussed to find out the correct approach for this research. Researcher has gone to the next layer by discussing the research strategy followed by time horizons. Data collection method is done in the last phase of chapter and have disclosed the appropriate method used in the research. Research Philosophy The research philosophy depends on the way you think about the development of knowledge(Saunders et al, 2003). Many authors have discussed and defined research paradigms. To Guba (1990, p.17), a research paradigm is a basic set of beliefs that guide action. Research paradigm helps in understanding the investigation better as business and management researchers we need to be aware of commitment towards philosophy we make through our choice of research strategy. Johnson and Clark(2006) argues that the important issue is not so much whether our research should be philosophically informed, but it is how well we inform are able to reflect upon our philosophical choices. Corbetta (2003, p.13) presents a list of research paradigms as follows: Explanation Understanding Positivist Post-positivist Interpretivist There are two main paradigms named positivism and Interpretivism. Positivism was originated in nineteenth century, by French and English cultures and the further development was steered by the French culture (Corbetta, 2003).Positivists adopt the positive stance of the natural scientist(Saunders,2003). Corbetta (2003) says positivist paradigm is the study of social reality utilizing the conceptual framework, the techniques of observation and measurement, the instruments of mathematical analysis, and the procedures of the natural sciences. Positivism is a epistemological position that advocates the application of the methods of the natural sciences to the study of social reality and beyond(Bryman,2008). The methodology is highly structured so that replication can be facilitated. (Gill and Johnson, 1997 cited by Saunders et al,2003). Interpretivism emerged with the criticism of positivism, from researchers. The first criticism attack was made by German philosopher who said they are non homologous to the natural sciences, (Corbetta, 2003) and hence its not possible to separate researchers from their critics. Interpretivism helps in understanding the difference between humans in our role as social actors. Weber (1904, cited by Corbetta,2003) brought the concept of Verstehen into sociology which was more inclined toward objectivity rather than subjectivity of social science both in terms of general nature and value judgment. The Interpretivists aim at exploring the complexity of social phenomena with a view to gain interpretive understanding(Collins and Hussey,2009). Interpretivism overlooked the positivism approach towards subjectivity and used objectivity approach, built on the interpretations of individuals to understand the society. This opened the new era of sociological research with positivism being the forme r, the study of everyday life.(Corbetta,2003). In my case The research in planned to explore, what are the key reasons for employee leaving the organization and what can be done by HR managers to reduce the turnover. The researcher has chosen the Interpretative philosophy as the research has to deal with social issues. It has the elements like working culture within the organization, employee dissatisfaction and relationship with the management, this research aims to locate some complex social issues. The researcher conducts the in depth unstructured interviews observing the participant response to gain the understanding of research. The researcher feels Interpretivism is the most suitable method to do the further research. Research Approach According to Saunderss (2003), Deductive and Inductive are two main approaches which can be practised. Even though it does not hold any practical value, researcher argues that inductive approach owes more to Interpretivism and deductive approach to positivism. Inductive approach is generally is a bottom up approach and deductive approach is vice versa. Inductive approach starts with observation, then analyzing the data and finally developing the theory of the outcome. Deductive approach is in scientific research most of the time where you already have collected data, consequently you develop a hypothesis and decide whether to accept or reject and finally come to the conclusion with the statistics and data.(Burns and Burns,2008). It involves development of a theory that is subjected to a rigorous test and the attempt is made to verify the revised theory by going back to the first step and repeating the whole cycle(Hussey and Hussey, 1997 cited by Saunders et al,2003). Deductive theory is been criticized because of its rigid methodology that does not permit alternative explanations.(Saunders et, al). http://peoplelearn.homestead.com/induct.gif Inductive Approach http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/Assets/images/deduct.gifhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQPzzir_nrIG4DS8apIXFhnySI_50Xo_nLyJa72skH2eFRV9ezgGwhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQPzzir_nrIG4DS8apIXFhnySI_50Xo_nLyJa72skH2eFRV9ezgGw Deductive approach Source :(Burns and Burns,2008) In Inductive approach, researchers look into the empirical observation and draw the conclusion based on it and in Deductive approach the conclusions are made through logical reasoning. The researcher argues that inductive approach in not 100% sure about the conclusions because it is based on the empirical observation, the other approach may not be true in reality, but it is logical (Gauri and Grenhoug, 2005). The inductive approach strength is that without an understanding the human interpretation in this social world, you can make a cause-effect link between two variables.(Saunders et al,2003). Hussey (1997cited by Saunders et al,2003) says deductive approach is a dominant approach in the natural sciences where law provides the basis of explanation, permit the anticipation of phenomena, predict their occurrence and therefore allow them to be controlled. However, the science philosopher Popper (1959, cited by Gauri and Grenhoug,2005) argues though there is no such thing as objective observation and thus since theories can never be proven to be true, they can only be proven to be false. Inductive approach is generally related to the qualitative research and the deductive approach to quantitative research. Quantitative and Qualitative are the two main research methods (Blaikie, 2004). Quantitative research is generally concerned with the measurement and qualitative do not. (Layder,1993, cited by Gauri and Grohaug 2005). In qualitative research we are inclined towards the meaning and interpretation of the functioning of organization, social environment and relationships unlike in the latter where the findings arrive with statistical methods. The main difference between these research methods is not the quality but the pattern, they follow, it also depends upon the different perspective and the objective.(Gauri and Gronhaug,2005). The researcher has used the combined approach for the research as it gives the best outcome possible and gives more advantage to the research.(Saunders et al,2003). Qualitative Research phenomenological inductive holistic subjective/insider centered process oriented anthropological worldview relative lack of control goal: understand actors view dynamic reality assumed; slice of life discovery oriented explanatory Quantitative Research positivistic hypothetico/deductive particularistic objective/outsider centered outcome oriented natural science worldview attempt to control variables goal: find facts causes static reality assumed; relative constancy in life verification oriented confirmatory   Source: Cook and Reichardt (1979) http://qualitativeresearch.ratcliffs.net/1.htm In my case In order to answer the research queries, research has to understand the human behaviour and the functions. Data collected from small number of carefully selected samples on relevant issues can be sufficient in this case (Patton, 1990, cited by Gauri and Gronhaug, 2005). It was not possible to float the questionnaire across the call centre due to lack of time and availability. Therefore, researcher has conducted in depth interviews with the team member and managers of different call centres. The interviews are done via telephone because it was easily accessible and saves cost. Also it can be done in less amount of time and quickly. The only draw back is the researcher would not be able to witness the non-verbal behaviour because the interviews are not face to face interview. Researcher has tried to get the data of the research through value, needs and feeling of the employees by asking them open ended questions. The researcher has used simple and understandable language and has been c hoosy with the terminology. This will be a qualitative research in which researcher will provide the result on the basis of interviews. As researcher has also used literature to guide the questions, used combined method approach is used to get a better result. Research Strategy According to Saunders et al (2003), research strategy will be a general plan of how you will go about answering the research questions(s) you has set. It will give you a clear picture of your strategy being applied on the case and will give you a clear objective of your research question also will tell the specific source considering the constraints like access to data, time, location, ethical issues etc. There are different strategies which can be used depending on your research method: experiment, survey; case study; grounded theory; ethnography action research; cross sectional and longitudinal studies; exploratory, descriptive and explanatory studies. These strategies can be used according to the need of the research and cannot be limited to one strategy, if the research demands, researcher can use multiple strategies. (Saunders et al, 2003). In my case The researcher uses the exploratory strategy in order to meet the objective of the research. The strength of exploratory study helps you to give a strong backing to the finding by clarifying it and getting close to the objective. The researcher has conducted semi structured interviews and has covered the questions through in depth interviews. Also few of the questions have been omitted and added as per the need of the interview. With the growth of natural science philosophers became increasingly aware that a deductivecan only bring out what is already implicit in its premises, and hence inclined to insist that all new knowledge must come from some form of induction.(Stebbins, 2001). The qualitative data and inductive approach has been approached to enhance the interpretation of data. Time Horizon There are two types of time horizons, Cross sectional and longitudinal. Cross sectional is generally referred as snap shot because it is conducted in a short period of time and Longitudinal is when a research is done through over a period of time, it is also called Diary. In my Case Due to constraint of time, researcher had to take a snapshot at a particular time. The interviews are conducted over a short period of time using the qualitative method and whilst taken the cross sectional study. The cross sectional study is being approached to get the result for the research. The key factors for turn over and its resolution is calculated by conducting face to face interviews over a limited period of time. (Saunders et al, 2003). Data Collection It is very important that a successful research project must be based on high quality though process and research design must be based on flow of logic and number of assumptions which must be able to stand up to the closest scrutiny.(Saunders et al,2003). The research population for this study entails different managers from different companies. There are HR managers and operations managers being interview from the senior management including the Team Leaders. Also different team members from different call centres were picked to make sure there are no biases. (Saunders et al, 2003). Using Primary Data through Interviews Semi Structured Interview An Interview is purposeful discussion between two or more people(Kahn and Cannell, 1957 cited by Saunders et al, 2003). Due to the shortage of people to fill the questionnaires, researcher has attempted to contact the potential interviewees by conducting semi structured interviews. According to Ghauri and Gronhaug (2005),To be able to run the interview efficiently and without any disturbances, the researcher needs to know the respondent, his background, values and expectations. Keeping all this in mind, researcher has tried to fulfil all the expectations. Interviews are often considered the best data collection methods and can be done vial mail, telephone or in person. Interviews Interview by phone Personal Interview Interview by mail A typology of interviews Source: Ghauri and Gronhaug(2005) The researcher has conducted all the interviews via telephone and recorded it due to time and constraint; otherwise researcher had to go to India to conduct the face to face interviews. Researcher was able to gather valid and reliable data for the research question and objective through these interviews. Through semi structured interview, researcher covered the set of questions with the interviewees. Researcher preferred semi structured interview because it was in expensive and the database to sample was not huge, also it gave freedom to use the question according to need of the situation. Researcher has prepared open ended questions and has made two different sets. The first set is made for the team members and has two different scenarios, first being the current job and the second is on the previous job experience if applicable. The second set of questions is for the managers which will discuss the impacts of turnover and the best practice which can be implemented in Indian call centre industry. When you are undertaking an exploratory study, or a study that includes an exploratory element it is likely that you will include qualitative research interview in your approach (Cooper and Schindler, 1998). As researcher have talked to interviewees to find out the reason of turnover(Why do they leave) and also what can be done to minimize it?, basically their beliefs and behaviour in respect to turnover, the exploratory compliments the semi structured interview very well by adding value to it. The researcher has ensured the quality of the primary data was unbiased and reliable. The researcher has tried be unbiased while conducting the interviews with both managers and team members ensuring there is no hierarchy biases. Researcher has ensured that the interviews were compiled in short period of time keeping the constraint of time in mind. It took just 3 days to transcript the interviews and making sure that data was valid and accurate. Also interview had taken the permission before hand from the interviewees and did send the voice recording for their reference. This has omitted the possibility of data being misplaced or misused in a short period of time.(Ghauri and Gronhaug,2002). The interview questions are included as a part of Appendices (Appendix A and B). Access to Data Researcher got the access to interviewees by emailing the research questions to the employees and the managers in the Indian call centres. As researcher has 5 years of working experience working in the same industry, it was easy to approach the managers and the team members for the interview. They all are the inbound call centres with different customer service processes. Researcher managed to conduct interview with 5 managers from different call centres and 7 team members from different call centres again. All the interviews lasted between 30 to 45 minutes and the permission was taken by the interviewees. Interviewees are from Wipro, American express, SITEL India and V care, all these companies are the leading call centres in India. The interviewee is conducted with the operations manager, training head and HR manager from 4 different call centres in India and team members participated from 5 different call centres. All the participants are Indian, 11 male and 2 female have particip ated in the interview. The managers and team members are mostly graduates who have pursued their education from different universities. Most of the employees participated are from Gurgaon, India which is the main hub of call centres. The interviewee in the research will be abbreviated as Interviewee A, Interviewee B, Interviewee C, Interviewee D, Interviewee E, Interviewee F, Interviewee G and Interviewee 1, Interviewee 2, Interviewee 3, Interviewee4, Interviewee5 as employees and the mangers respectively, with their opinion based on the interview questions. Using Secondary Data Researcher has used the primary data as the main source, but has also referred to some of the journals for better insight. The secondary data has collected to compare with the interviews to make the base even stronger and has added value to the research. In this research, qualitative secondary data has been studied which comes under the category of compiled data, which has helped to get an inference on the turnover in the India Call Centre Industry. The author has assured that the secondary data collected is from repute cites and the data is absolutely valid and reliable. Qualitative Data The research study is analysed on the basis of qualitative data in a well planned manner and the approach is inductive, therefore the qualitative data will reflect the inductive approach. (Robson 2002 cited by Saunders et al, 2003) has said the qualitative data are the characterized by their richness and fullness based on the level of exploration of the subject, whilst researcher has concentrated in the qualitative data, which remains the key factor for the research with the interpretation of data. Researcher has used the exploratory strategy among the different methods to find out the result. The strategy adopted is Interpretivist, semi structured and inductive type of qualitative analysis.(Saunders et al,2003). In my case Researcher has taken in depth interviews with the managers and the team members of the different call centres through semi structured interviews. Secondary data has also been used marginally in order to back up the primary data. Researcher has conducted the first phase of interview with team members to find out the key factors of turn over and then with mangers to find the best practice to minimize the turnover through qualitative data. Research Methodology Overview The summary of the research methodology is categorized below for reference. Phase Method Research Philosophy Interpretive research philosophy Research Approach Combined approach inductive and deductive Research Strategy Exploratory method Time Horizon Cross sectional which includes indepth interview with different call centre managers and team members. Research Data Collection methods Semi structured interview and secondary data Ethical Constraint Wells defines Ethics in term of a code of behaviour appropriate to academics and the conduct of the search. It is important that the interviewees be aware of the transparency of the data. They should be mad aware of, for what purpose the interview is being conducted and to what extend will that be used for the academic purpose. The research should keep the ethical constraint in mind and without harming the research population to humiliation. (Saunders et al,2003). In my case Researcher has given ethics the highest priority to ethics as it can lead to integrity issue. Researcher has assured that the data provided by the respondents are kept confidential as per the laws of Call Centres and have hidden their original identity. Researcher had to face constraint while getting the interviews done with the managers of different call centre. The researcher has assured that all the interviews were recorded over the phone and has kept it with him securely as it is confidential. Researcher has also pre informed the purpose of interview to the Managers and the team member. However they have been assured that the names used will be different due to integrity issue and will be used only for the academic purpose. Limitations of Methodology The major limitation of the research is the time constraint and the availability of interviewees. The researcher wanted to go to India, personally to conduct the interviews, as the research is based on the Turnover in Indian call centres. Due to time constraint, researcher had to take interviews over the phone in a limited period of time. Also, due to less availability of interviewees, researcher could not conduct the surveys, but had to settle with the in depth interviews. The researcher has taken interviews with manager of reputed call centres and also with number of team members. Grix, J.(2004) The foundations of research. Palgrave Macmillan. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thorn hill, A(200) Research Methods for Business Students 5th ed. Essex: Pearson education limited Corbetta, P(2003) Social Research: Theory, Methods, Techniques. London : Sage publication Collis, J., Hussey, R.(2009). Business research A practical guide for undergraduate and post graduate students. 3rd ed Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Burns, R., Burns, R(2008). Business Research Methods and Statistics using SPSS.London: Sage publication Gauri,P., Grenhoug, K(2005)Research Methods in Business Stuidies. England: Pearsono Education limited Blaikie, N(2004) Designing Social Research. Cambridge Polity press. Stubbins, R(2001)Exploratory Research In The Social Sciences.[online]. Available from: http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=hDE13_a_oEsCoi=fndpg=PR5dq=exploratory+research+quatationsots=NjPGX3EDxKsig=ROhiiChNXY2ssFUEN_0DfQrmzvA#v=onepageqf=false

Improving Patient Safety in Stroke Rehabilitation Wards Essay -- Strok

Patient safety is a major issue in health care, especially in the public sector. Studies show that as many as 10 patients get harmed daily as they receive care in stroke rehabilitation wards in hospitals in the United States alone. Patient safety refers to mechanisms for preventing patients from getting harmed as they receive health care services in hospitals. The issue of patient safety is usually associated with factors such as medication errors, wrong-site surgery, health care-acquired infections, falls, diagnostic errors, and readmissions. Patient safety can be improved through strategies such as improving communication within hospitals, increasing patient involvement, reporting adverse events, developing protocols and guidelines, proper management of human resources, educating health-care providers on the need for patient protection, and commitment of the leadership to the task. This paper talks about patient safety and how it can be improved in stroke rehabilitation war ds of both public and private hospitals. Organizational Goal/Objectives for Patient Safety Every hospital is committed to ensuring that their patients in stroke rehabilitation wards and other facilities are safe from any form of harm that may occur as a result of the health care providers’ negligence. Firstly, every hospital integrates quality and safety approaches into its everyday’s operations to promote and enhance the safety and quality of its environment and services respectively (Garban, 2011). This is usually complemented by other strategies meant for enhancing organizational knowledge to improve efficiency and overall productivity. Some hospitals provide further training to their health care personnel to ensure that they efficiently incorpor... ...nurses: How to prevent harmful events and promote patient safety. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co. Snell, S., & Bohlander, G. W. (2013). Managing human resources. Andover: Cengage Learning. Spurgeon, P., Burke, R. J., & Cooper, C. L. (2012). The innovation imperative in health care organizations: Critical role of human resource management in the cost, quality, and productivity equation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Watcher, R. (2012). Understanding patient safety. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Professional. Williams, M. (2007). Comprehensive hospital medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. Wu, A. W. (2011). The value of close calls in improving patient safety: Learning how to avoid and mitigate patient harm. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission Resources. Youngberg, B. J. (2013). Patient safety handbook. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Regionalism in the World of Alistair McLeod Essay

Imagery is used fairly often in the eastern coast of Canada may have an unforgiving and rather harsh streak, but many Canadians choose to raise their families and practice their craft there. In both short stories by Alistair McLeod; The Lost Salt Gift of Blood and The Boat, the setting of the Canadian east coast is used to develop both the plot and the character. Along with the narration of the physical setting there is also the intricate dialogue spoken by the various characters. In combination, the various customs and traditions presented by the author through language and setting expand our ability to understand the plot. Without McLeod’s regionalistic writing form, the reader’s ability to firmly define the setting and characters would hinder them from his multilayered stories. Imagery is used fairly often in The Boat with the intention of not only giving the reader a sense of space and time but also an insight to the character. The father is displeased with his lack of education and current lifestyle along the coast, â€Å"the sea was behind him and its immense blue flatness stretched out to touch the arching blueness of the sky. It seemed very far away from him or else†¦he seemed too big for it. † (263) The author in this scenario implies the essence of the problem in the story; the narrator’s father is never unified with the sea he labors in, never achieves the connectedness that goes with working so closely with nature. As well, due to his higher aspirations, the father is too inquisitive and thirsty for knowledge to remain in such a simple place. In The Lost Salt Gift of Blood, imagery is used to relay the underlying story and theme to the reader. Fog is the best form of imagery used because of its close relation to the actions and their meanings beneath the surface of the story. The entire story seems rather foggy as it contains dialogue and reflection that occurs in the present rather than the narrator looking back and analyzing the meaning of events. Therefore, it is left to the reader to piece together the story, at times difficult when the story seems incomplete. For example, the fog plays a vital role in the story surrounding the mother’s death, â€Å"It be foggy all the day and everyone be thinken the plane won’t come or be able to land. And I says, small to myself, now here in the fog be the bad luck and the death but then there the plane be, almost like a ghost ship comen out the fog with all its lights shinen. I think maybe he won’t be on it but soon he comen through the fog. † (307-308) As the grandfather relays the story, he abruptly stops, yet never commences with further elaboration. His story hangs in the air like fog; inescapable, shrouding and unable to clearly define. The dialogue in The Boat has an educated style yet is brief and to the point. Each time McLeod allows a character to speak, only the most vital words needed are spoken. Though this story includes description from an analytical point of view, most of it remains with the reader piecing it together. It is during solemn moments that word are exchanged â€Å"you have given added years to his life. † (267) There are also no descriptions of raucous banter among the siblings. This is surprising as noise and arguments are inevitable to most large households. With the knowledge that the mother runs her household with precision, the lack of confrontational dialogue may be due to the tiring lifestyle. The father’s reaction is an example of this after the mother accuses him that it will be his fault if their daughters come home impregnated, â€Å"†¦reflecting the exhaustion of a man of sixty-five who had been working for eleven hours on an August day†¦he turned and went into his room. † This dialogue enhances the estrangement of the east coast; little is wasted, be it energy or words. The contrast in dialogue in The Lost Salt Gift of Blood is very insightful when comes to defining characters. The father is well educated and from Toronto. He met his son’s mother while researching for his university paper. On the other hand, it is revealed in the end that John’s grandmother and grandfather can neither read nor write. Just as John is the only connection the grandparents have to his father, the only halfway point between their linguistic capabilities and his father’s is John. More interestingly is the transformation of language and what it can tell us. In the beginning of the story the reader sees John’s grandfather speaking politely but simply to the father â€Å"well, it is a nice evening tonight†. As the night wears on a mixture of alcohol, fatigue and raw emotions alter his language to that of a rougher coastal slang â€Å"and the dog runned around like he was crazy, moanen and cryen worse than the swiles does out on the ice, and throwen hisself against the walls and jumpen on the table. † (307) The gradual change in language is a minor one, yet it conveys a multitude of distinguishing features. Such features lay ground to a better understanding of the region. Within both short stories, McLeod paints an even broader sense of the eastern Canadian coast using the domestic principles held there to describe the region. The homestead of John and his grandparents is one where things are not wasted, â€Å"cast-off tires also whitewashed and serving as flower beds†¦ originally broken†¦ [the grandfather] helped him fix them, nailing on new lathes and knitting new headings. † (295-296) Anything broken is repaired, redeemed or put to another use. The family is clearly linked with this way of living and deeply belongs in this place. The practice is also an important one considering the grandfather is teaching and including John in the processes. As well, the household in The Boat did not waste things, â€Å"a shelf which contained matches, tobacco, pencils, odd fish-hooks, bits of twine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (258) Items in this family had a place and a purpose. Even small items like twine are collected for a further use later. Along with the hard work in the sea and simple lifestyle, the narrator’s mother kept the house tidy; â€Å"everything was clean and spotless and in order. In the case of the traditional coastal living, the hard-netted earnings from the ocean do not allow for frivolity, waste or an abundance of parlour toys. As Alistair McLeod infuses regionalism to define the setting, an image of the lifestyle as well as the culture of the characters is revealed. The eastern coast of Canada may have a harsh climate and difficult way of life, but through the language used by the McLeod and his portrayal of setting, we are encouraged to understand this lifestyle and those who embrace it. In both short stories The Lost Salt Gift of Blood and The Boat, the plot and the characters are defined as individuals in their culture as well as participants of a larger practice. Along with the narration of the physical setting, an understanding of customs is elaborated through detailed descriptions. With this particular style of regionalism, McLeod left the reader to elaborate on characters and settings he defined, the culture however, remained true to the eastern coast of Canada. McLeod’s regionalism permits the reader to firmly define the setting and characters then allows them to explore the artfully crafted plots.

Gender’s Role: Criminal Justice Essay

Since the time that laws came to exist their purpose was to set the standards for common citizens to follow and abide by. In this gender has always played a vital role whether it was good or bad it changed our criminal justice system as a whole and helped develop it. In this paper it will explain the issues using data on male and female offenders in the past as well our present today. Before I begin this essay the differences between men and women are most often divided into two groupings: gender differences and sex differences. Gender differences are those that are ascribed by society that relate to expected social roles whereas sex differences are biological differences. Most of the differences recognized by society, between men and women, are gender differences that are not biologically determined. Unfortunately these socially constructed differences are entrenched largely in inequality. In fact most, if not all organizational structures, including the United States criminal justice system is gendered, meaning that they are rooted in discrimination between the sexes. More often than not, if an organization or any other analytical unit is gendered, then gender is not simply an addition to ongoing processes that are gender neutral. Fundamental in this distinction between sex and gender are the notions of patriarchy and sexism. Sexism refers to the oppressive attitudes and behaviors directed at either sex; it is discrimination or prejudice based on gender. However, these discriminations, prejudices and negative behavior and attitudes based on sex and gender have been historically aimed at women. Patriarchy on the other hand refers to a social, legal and political climate that values male dominance and hierarchy. Central to the patriarchal ideology is the belief that women’s nature is biologically, not culturally, determined. What many may identify as gender differences, such as the idea that women are natures and mothers, are often defined as sex differences by the patriarchy. Although the modern day patriarchal social structure is not as powerful as it once was, the state still operates from a man’s standpoint. The laws are consistent with men’s experiences and viewpoints. Men are often the ones studied as non-gendered subjects, in criminology, as in other disciplines, it is men, not women, who supply the essential standard case. Men, themselves, are not compared with others to see what makes them specific and different. Patriarchy then remains as part of a defining quality of culture and society and thus criminology and criminal justice. This patriarchal oppression is causing many, feminists and otherwise to advocate for â€Å"feminist or woman’s law in order to â€Å"describe, explain and understand women’s legal positions, especially for the purpose of improving women’s positions in the law and society. Now that we have a better understanding we can continue on with this persuasive essay. Treatment through criminal justice can have it pros and cons for male and female. The good point of views can be looked at in multiple ways in the eyes of the beholder. Statistics indicate that men are more likely to commit crime than women. For example, in 2002 80% of known offenders 481,000 were men. As there are a number of problems with the reliability and validity of statistics, an alternative to information are self-report studies. Sex role theory: this theory argues that boys and girls are socialized differently, therefore resulting in boys becoming more delinquent. There are different versions of this theory. Edwin Sutherland 1949 stated that there are clear gender differences when it comes to socialization. Firstly, girls are more supervised and more strictly controlled. Secondly, boys are encouraged to take risks and to be tough and aggressive. Therefore, boys have more of an opportunity and an inclination to commit crime. Talcott Parsons 1995 believes that there are clear and obvious gender roles within the nuclear family. The father performs roles which show him to be more of the leader and provider, whilst the mother performs the expressive role of giving emotional support and socializing children. These roles are rooted from the birth of their children as mothers have to give birth and nurse children. Girls have a readily available female role model at home (their mother) whereas boys have less access to their male role model as traditionally the father was out at work for most of the time. Boys will be socialized largely by their mother and will tend to reject behavior that is seen as feminine as they compulsively pursue masculinity. Because of the emphasis on toughness and aggression this encourages anti-social behavior and delinquency. I believe that gender should not play a significant role in treatment through criminal justice. I say this because we live in a world were male and female should be equal. It has changed since back in the day of the 1900th were mostly men has more power than women. There are certain things that women can do that men can’t that is why women are put in some places were men might seem too assertive or might not be so compassionate and vice versa. I think this is why women can be elected and have great careers that they didn’t have before. Now I do think it is unfair that women sometimes get a smaller sentence then a man when it comes to committing a crime. I think this the case because women possess certain things that a man doesn’t so does that make it right I think not. This can be looked at many different views but if we are created equally and are equal why should this be. In conclusion through this essay we can interpret how gender should not play a role in criminal justice process. It is so that we do not have to relate to the past or anything that a man has that woman doesn’t. This so because we all are created equal and have the same rights so why should gender matter.

Free Essays on Explication- MY Papas Waltz

â€Å"battered† and â€Å"death† to make the tone of the poem sad (3,10). The father seemed to have gotten into a fight while being drunk, and his wife is mad at him. The small boy did not want to go to bed because he was still clinging to his father’s shirt (16).... Free Essays on Explication- MY Papas Waltz Free Essays on Explication- MY Papas Waltz Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is a fixed form poem of sixteen lines. Roethke created the rhyme scheme abab, cdcd, efef, ghgh. Roethke uses this rhyme scheme to make it sound as if the poem is a waltz. The rhyme scheme gives the poem a beat. Each stanza is made up of four lines, which the first and third lines rhyme, and the second and fourth lines rhyme. The poem, in first person point of view, describes a small boy who is dancing with his drunken father in the kitchen. The small boy’s mother is upset with the father (7-8). The images in the poem include the boy’s father stumbling around, and the small boy thinks he and his father are dancing. Another image the poem leaves is the father’s hands â€Å"battered on one knuckle† and â€Å"caked hard by dirt†(10,14). This leaves an image of a hard workingman, and the mother is angry. The final image in the poem is where his drunken father is putting the small boy to bed. Roethke uses a simile in the poem comparing how the boy was being dragged around while the boy thought he was dancing (3). The waltz is an overall extended metaphor. The small boy believes he is dancing, but his father is really dragging him around. The tone of the poem is sad. Roethke uses the words â€Å"battered† and â€Å"death† to make the tone of the poem sad (3,10). The father seemed to have gotten into a fight while being drunk, and his wife is mad at him. The small boy did not want to go to bed because he was still clinging to his father’s shirt (16)....

Discuss the view that the importance of technology for organisations Essay

Discuss the view that the importance of technology for organisations lies not so much in the technology itself as the ability to - Essay Example A distinguished characteristic of these opportunities is the fact that they are temporary that is, the organization that discovers them needs to exploit the technological opportunity swiftly before it gets to the organization’s competitors (Andersen, 2011: p54). They also need to do this because the opportunity could be quickly replaced by a technology that is more advanced. The organization, therefore, must hurry before the opportunity window ends. Research has shown that organizations, which come up with technological discoveries, in most cases, do not have the resources required to exploit them quickly. In this case, the organization is encouraged to collaborate as an efficient means of accessing complementary or additional information that could help speed up the exploitation process. The importance of exploiting these opportunities as fast as possible as opposed to simply being in their possession cannot be overemphasized. The importance of technological opportunities lie s in the ability to exploit it rather than the technology itself. Collaboration in Exploitation of Technological Opportunities Beginning in the mid 70s, the biotechnological industry has seen tremendous growth with increased innovations and new technologies. Several hundred firms with intensive Research and Development programs have entered the industry in the last forty or so years. Pharmaceutical companies have also been highly involved in the pursuit of biotechnological opportunities, for instance, through entering into collaborations on biotechnological advances with the new organizations. These collaborations are meant to exploit the opportunities in biotechnology that were discovered previously by the new biotechnological organizations (Archibugi & Michie, 2012: p34). An interesting feature in the exploitation of these collaborations is that their set up is widely varied in whether these opportunities are utilized at all and at what stage their utilization takes place, if at a ll. The timing of collaboration to exploit the biotechnological opportunity between the discoverer and the pharmaceutical firm is vital. Studies have shown that new biotechnological organizations vary in when they time their collaborations to exploit their opportunities when compared to pharmaceutical firms (Antonelli, 2010: p21). Biotechnological organizations that have rigid research and development programs that apply for patents in their projects or that possess earlier experience in research and development, exploit their opportunities sooner through collaboration. Collaboration is also accelerated by the establishment of industry infrastructure, for instance, national biotechnological centers, as well as increased protection of intellectual property. It was found that the project’s characteristics do not have a profound effect on the collaboration’s timing. While many biotechnological opportunities were initially focused on the phase of discovery, the exploitatio n phase has become more important as new technologies are discovered that replace previous ones (European Commission, 2010: p149). Identification of opportunity is now viewed as only being necessary, but not adequate for the actual technological exploitation. Because most of the start-up biotechnological firms do not have the required capital to exploit these opportunities, it is vital that they collaborate, with larger organizations, to make the most out of the

Geology Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geology - Research Paper Example An environmental geologist, to my mind, has an important role to play in keeping the planet Earth clean, green, and safe. I choose this degree for the reason that I love the Mother Earth -- this is the only place I love to live. The environmental geology might be a new science; yet, its key function provides a much brighter world for the future inhabitants of this pale-blue-dot planet. This paper will discuss the brief story, specialized field, responsibilities, and prospects of the profession called environmental geology. Brief Story Erickson remarks that the technical profession called environmental geology is a â€Å"relatively new science† (ix). Perhaps by relative he means the emergence of environmental geology as a separate discipline of geology science in the late 20th century. The rising concern of the Earth’s environmental degradation, depletion, and near destruction significantly occurred since the late-20th-century. As such, people had made important ways to prevent the utter extinction of the green planet and the human race as well. The science of geology, as it has been seen, greatly contributed and continues to contribute to the better understanding of the changing physical world. It has been argued that the Earth’s fundamental changes (e.g., change of land formation and of temperature) were the results of human miscalculated activities. Erickson notes that people are called â€Å"human volcano† for the reason that they have the power to destroy the physical environment in an instant (ix). The human-induced damages, either conscious or not, to the natural world are comparable to the long-time geologic processes (Erickson ix). But like a volcano, humans have the capacity, if there is a will, to recreate, relive, and re-empower the world in which they live. And the environmental geologist plays a vital role in transforming the natural world into something worth residing and living. Specialized Field In the field of geolog y -- as well as other natural sciences -- such area of human knowledge is becoming more specialized in the contemporary epoch. Unlike other geologists, environmental geologists have specific work activities or programs to perform. Camenson provides a list of things to do for the environmental geologists: conduct research, analyze and report, understand the issues involved, among other works (94). Camenson says that an environmental geologist has to conduct research in order to â€Å"identify, reduce, and eliminate sources of pollutants and hazards† (94). What the environmental geologist does, among others, is to study and determine certain causes of a particular environmental phenomenon. Equipped with the knowledge of the Earth, this geologist explores the sources that created a problem to the natural world -- including man’s built environment. Analysis and reportage are other job activities of an environmental geologist. The environmental geologist does the analysis f rom his or her gathered measurements and observations. Moreover, this geologist fully knows and understands the environmental issues in promoting, protecting, and enhancing the environment. Curriculum It is true to say that most geology is environmental geology in reality (Ransom and Wainwright 2), nevertheless, environmental geology as a work profession is much more focused and highly concentrated in contrast to other disciplines of geology (e.g., forensic geology). Probably the variations between the environmental